Table. 2.
Pre-post changes in OLS test
| Variables | Group | Pre | Post | Change | t | p | Effect size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Surface | BCG | 131.93 ± 42.33 | 51.93 ± 22.59 | 80.00 ± 25.00 | 10.121 |
.000 |
6.401 |
| BEG | 118.80 ± 51.70 | 83.27 ± 45.52 | 35.53 ± 24.00 | 4.682 | .001 |
2.961 | |
| GEG | 106.13 ± 48.89 | 86.03 ± 43.87 | 20.10 ± 9.31 | 6.831 | .000 |
4.320 | |
| F | 22.540 |
||||||
| P | .000 |
||||||
| effect size | 2.147 | ||||||
| Speed | BCG | 1.43 ± .33 | 1.10 ± .22 | .33 ± .30 | 3.500 | .007 |
2.213 |
| BEG | 1.43 ± .50 | 1.19 ± .43 | .24 ± .25 | 3.008 | .015 |
1.902 | |
| GEG | 1.50 ± .43 | 1.33 ± .37 | .16 ± .27 | 1.864 | .095 | 1.179 | |
| F | .979 | ||||||
| P | .389 | ||||||
| effect size | .331 | ||||||
| Length | BCG | 9.77 ± 3.32 | 3.55 ± .70 | 6.23 ± .3.01 | 6.445 | .000 |
4.076 |
| BEG | 9.23 ± 4.60 | 5.14 ± 2.06 | 4.08 ± 2.84 | 4.546 | .001 |
2.875 | |
| GEG | 8.74 ± 3.43 | 7.81 ± 2.87 | .93 ± .78 | 3.753 | .005 |
2.374 | |
| F | 11.819 | ||||||
| P | .000 |
||||||
| effect size | .877 | ||||||
BGG: balance exercise and gaze stabilization exercise group
BEG: balance exercise group
GEG: gaze stabilization exercise group
Mean (± standard deviation)
*p < .05
J Korean Soc Phys Med 2024;19:1-16 https://doi.org/10.13066/kspm.2024.19.2.1 
© 2024 J Korean Soc Phys Med