Table. 3.
Comparison of mechanical properties of muscles before and after intervention within and between groups
| Muscle | Property | Thoracic breathing group | Abdominal breathing group | Thoracoabdominal breathing group | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre | Post | Pre | Post | Pre | Post | ||
| Lower Trapezius | Tension(㎐) | 14.38 |
14.44 (1.38) | 14.96 (2.04) | 14.44 (1.37) | 15.73 (1.37) | 15.35 (1.11) |
| Stiffness(N/m) | 238.46 (73.60) | 250.50 (55.90) | 236.46 (58.26) | 235.60 (40.26) | 263.17 (35.34) | 267.07 (36.21) | |
| Elasticity | .95 (.22) | .93 (.17) | .92 (.18) | .98 (.11) | .90 (.14) | 1.02 |
|
| Upper Trapezius | Tension(㎐) | 15.41 (1.45) | 13.97 |
15.13 (1.44) | 14.12 |
15.30 (1.49) | 14.28 (1.44) |
| Stiffness(N/m) | 262.17 (44.73) | 226.71 |
245.53 (56.07) | 237.60 (40.59) | 246.75 (43.79) | 237.92 (38.12) | |
| Elasticity | .97 (.12) | .97 (.19) | .97 (.20) | .96 (.16) | .88 (.14) | .98 (.20) | |
| Levator Scapulae | Tension(㎐) | 13.00 (1.66) | 13.45 (1.40) | 13.05 (1.21) | 12.32 |
13.71 (2.31) | 12.71 (.83) |
| Stiffness(N/m) | 196.32 (40.62) | 212.57 (30.63) | 185.57 (37.24) | 186.82 (36.53) | 198.96 (62.34) | 188.89 (36.68) | |
| Elasticity | 1.03 (.13) | 1.13 (.18) | .96 (.16) | 1.07 |
1.00 (.14) | 1.04 (.16) | |
| Sternocleidomastoid | Tension(㎐) | 12.80 (.97) | 13.50 |
13.42 (1.43) | 13.16 |
13.48 (1.48) | 13.04 |
| Stiffness(N/m) | 177.67 (24.48) | 206.71 |
200.64 (32.04) | 198.39 |
193.10 (34.65) | 199.67 (18.39) | |
| Elasticity | 1.15 (.13) | 1.25 (.16) | 1.24 (.11) | 1.30 (.15) | 1.18 (.22) | 1.20 (.17) | |
| Pectoralis Major | Tension(㎐) | 14.38 (1.55) | 14.31 (1.36) | 15.11 (2.20) | 14.13 (1.78) | 16.36 (1.78) | 15.31 (1.45) |
| Stiffness(N/m) | 235.14 (48.32) | 237.10 (40.02) | 256.96 (65.44) | 235.14 (43.45) | 285.14 (71.66) | 257.14 (35.72) | |
| Elasticity | 1.01 (.16) | 1.10 (.14) | 1.06 (.21) | 1.09 (.15) | 1.02 (.23) | 10.01 (.17) | |
α Mean (± standard deviation) (*p < .05)
*Significant differences between the thoracic and abdominal breathing groups and between the thoracic and thoracoabdominal breathing groups (p < .05)
Paired t-test results: †Significant differences between the pre-intervention and post-intervention within the group (p < .05)
J Korean Soc Phys Med 2024;19:21-33 https://doi.org/10.13066/kspm.2024.19.4.21 
© 2024 J Korean Soc Phys Med