Table. 2.
Comparison of NDI, VAS, DGA, CVA, and CRA before and after the intervention within and between groups
| Thoracic breathing group | Abdominal breathing group | Thoracoabdominal breathing group | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre | Post | Pre | Post | Pre | Post | |
| NDI | 3.78 ± 2.11 |
2.50 ± 2.37 |
4.78 ± 2.45 | 2.85 ± 2.07 |
3.78 ± 3.84 | 3.07 ± 3.56 |
| VAS | 2.85 ± 1.79 | 2.78 ± 2.12 | 2.23 ± 1.94 | 1.85 ± 1.47 | 2.64 ± 1.92 | 2.57 ± 1.88 |
| DGA (cm) | 4.42 ± 1.28 | 3.12 ± 1.29 |
4.44 ± 1.25 | 3.44 ± .99 |
4.24 ± .78 | 3.20 ± .94 |
| CVA (˚) | 57.21 ± 5.05 | 57.78 ± 5.26 | 56.00 ± 4.77 | 59.50 ± 5.21 |
56.78 ± 5.38 | 60.21 ± 4.22 |
| CRA (˚) | 154.92 ± 3.87 | 155.07 ± 3.26 | 159.21 ± 5.19 | 154.35 ± 4.32 |
160.71 ± 8.25 | 156.00 ± 6.44 |
α Mean (± standard deviation) (*p < .05)
NDI: Neck Disability Index, VAS: Visual Analogue Scale for Pain, DGA: Vertical Distance from Ground to Shoulder Apex, CVA: Craniovertebral Angle, CRA: Cranial Rotation Angle
*Significant differences between the thoracic and abdominal breathing groups and between the thoracic and thoracoabdominal groups (p < .05)
Paired t-test results: †Significant differences between pre-intervention and post-intervention within the group (p < .05)
J Korean Soc Phys Med 2024;19:21-33 https://doi.org/10.13066/kspm.2024.19.4.21 
© 2024 J Korean Soc Phys Med