Table. 5.
Differences in tension and stiffness according to the application of the intervention program
| Variable | group | Apply Exercise Program | Within group | interaction effect | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pre | post | ||||
| Tone Lt UT (Hz) | Combineda (n = 10) |
18.28 ± 2.51 | 17.09 ± 2.24 | t = 3.387 p = .008 |
f = 4.712 p = .018 |
| Neutralb (n = 10) |
19.09 ± 2.48 | 18.71 ± 2.67 | t = 1.082 p = .307 |
||
| Rollerc (n = 10) |
18.31 ± 1.46 | 18.5 ± 1.36 | t = -.777 p = .457 |
||
| Between group | f = .432 p = .654 |
f = 1.656 p = .210 |
|||
| Tone Rt UT (Hz) | Combineda (n = 10) |
17.87 ± 2.07 | 17.24 ± 1.89 | t = 2.666 p = . 026 |
f = .716 p = . 498 |
| Neutralb (n = 10) |
18.41 ± 1.71 | 18.19 ± 1.86 | t = -5.104 p = .452 |
||
| Rollerc (n = 10) |
18.37 ± 1.55 | 18.1 ± 1.68 | t = .865 p = .410 |
||
| Between group | f = .275 p = .762 |
f = .844 p = .441 |
|||
| Stiffness Lt UT (N/m) | Combineda (n = 10) |
364.44 ± 56.37 | 338.06 ± 62.09 | t = 3.838 p = .004 |
f = 3.682 p = .035 |
| Neutralb (n = 10) |
391.27 ± 74.11 | 382.9 ± 78.27 | t = .889 p = .397 |
||
| Rollerc (n = 10) |
355.13 ± 34.02 | 360.43 ± 30.06 | t = -.666 p = .522 |
||
| Between group | f = 1.074 p = .356 |
f = 1.385 p = .268 |
|||
| Stiffness Rt UT (N/m) | Combineda (n = 10) |
357.91 ± 58.53 | 343.9 ± 63.22 | t = 2.687 p = . 025 |
f = .735 p = . 489 |
| Neutralb (n = 10) |
377.53 ± 58.26 | 370.97 ± 61.91 | t = .838 p = .424 |
||
| Rollerc (n = 10) |
359.56 ± 38.62 | 358.46 ± 40.5 | t = .121 p = .907 |
||
| Between group | f = .411 p = .667 |
f = .581 p = .566 |
|||
UT: Upper trapezius
Combined: Y, W, T exercise with Shoulder external rotation
Neutral: Y, W, T exercise with Shoulder neutral position
Roller: Foam rolling group
*p < . 05, **p < . 01
J Korean Soc Phys Med 2024;19:87-101 https://doi.org/10.13066/kspm.2024.19.4.87 
© 2024 J Korean Soc Phys Med